Abstract
Abstract. In this paper, we study the gravitational gradient changes induced 11 March 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake using data gathered by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite. Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of GRACE data for observing the coseismic gravity change concerning the Tohoku earthquake. However, we show for the first time that changes of the coseismic and postseismic gravitational gradient components are detectable without doing any post-processing and filtering. It can be seen that the derivative of gravitational potential amplify the high-frequency components of the earth gravity field. Therefore, gravitational gradient changes delineate more clearly the rupture lines and reveal refined mass redistribution features caused by the studied earthquake.
Highlights
Earthquake is one of the most devastating disasters that human beings have to face
Physical quantities are measured by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, such as geoidal height, gravitational acceleration and its gradient changes, which represent the total surface and subsurface mass deformation by uniform coverage over both ocean and land, its application to earthquake studies is limited by its current relatively coarse spatial resolution
By amplifying the high frequency content, GRACE-derived gravitational gradient components help reveal more detailed information about the deformation that induced by an earthquake
Summary
Earthquake is one of the most devastating disasters that human beings have to face. Every year thousands of humans are killed by earthquake. The Tohoku-Oki earthquake, Mw 9.0, which occurred at 05:46 UT, 11 March, 2011, at the Japan Trench east of NE Japan, ruptured the fault as large as 500 km~ 200 km (Ozawa, Nishimura et al 2011) Earthquake of this size and magnitude cause mass-dislocation on the scale that is measurable by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity satellite mission. The two‐dimensional distribution of coseismic gravity changes have been recovered for the first time by Level-1 GRACE range and range rate measurements after the great Sumatra‐Andaman (SA) earthquake (Mw = 9.1), 2004 December 26 We show that some of components gravitational gradient changes due to the coseismic and postseismic deformations are detectable in both spatial and temporal domain without any performing of post-processing and filtering for the Tohoku earthquake
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