Corticosterone influences forced swim-induced immobility

Abstract

The effect of corticosterone (CS) synthesis inhibition with metyrapone—a blocker of the 11 ß-hydroxylase (150 mg/kg IP)—on immobility time during the forced swim test was recorded. Immobility time was measured during a 15-min forced swim (test). Twenty-four hours later rats were subjected to an additional 5 min forced swim (retest). In one experiment, metyrapone or vehicle was administered 3 h before the initial test, while CS (0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg SC) was administered 1 h prior to the initial test. Metyrapone significantly reduced immobility time during both test and retest. This effect was reverted in a dose-dependent fashion by CS. In a second experiment, animals exposed to the initial test 24 h before were injected with metyrapone or vehicle 3 h before the retest, while CS (0, 10, or 20 mg/kg SC) was administered 1 h prior the retest. Metyrapone, administered before the retest, reduced immobility time and CS partially reverted metyrapone effect. In another group of animals, serum CS concentrations were evaluated before and after test and retest. In vehicle groups, the high immobility time during test and retest was associated with high CS serum concentrations poststress. In animals receiving metyrapone prior to the initial test, the reduced immobility time was related to low levels of CS after the test and an attenuated secretion following the retest. Moreover, CS (20 mg/kg) and metyrapone + CS groups had high CS levels before the test, which remained high 2 h after the test, although after the retest, both groups showed a pattern of CS secretion similar to that observed in vehicle animals. These findings suggest that CS plays a critical role on the behavioral strategies adopted by rats when they are forced to face an aversive and inescapable stressful situation. Thus, behavioral immobility would require higher CS levels although active behavior would be related to low hormone concentrations.