Corticosteroids and the retina: a role for the mineralocorticoid receptor.

Abstract

Long-lasting devices releasing steroids have been approved recently for macular edema of various origins. Identification of the retina as a novel mineralo-sensitive tissue also raises new therapeutic options. Recently, the over activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) pathway has been shown to cause fluid accumulation in the retina, choroidal vasodilation, and to promote retinal neovascularization in hypoxic conditions. These findings indicate that MR antagonists could have beneficial effects in the treatment of retinal diseases. Central serous chorioretinopathy is a retinal disease associated with choroidal vasodilation and subretinal fluid that affects mostly men with type A personality and occurrence has been associated with steroid intake. In several independent studies, MR antagonists have shown beneficial effects, significantly reducing subretinal fluid in eyes of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy patients. The role of MR in retinal disorder is emerging and the potential association with psychological traits is considered. The place of MR antagonists for retinal diseases treatment is discussed.