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Abstract
Recent human studies using electrocorticography have demonstrated that alpha and theta band oscillations form traveling waves on the cortical surface. According to neural synchronization theories, the cortical traveling waves may group local cortical regions and sequence them by phase synchronization; however these contributions have not yet been assessed. This study aimed to evaluate the functional contributions of traveling waves using connectome-based network modeling. In the simulation, we observed stable traveling waves on the entire cortical surface wherein the topographical pattern of these phases was substantially correlated with the empirically obtained resting-state networks, and local radial waves also appeared within the size of the empirical networks (< 50 mm). Importantly, individual regions in the entire network were instantaneously sequenced by their internal frequencies, and regions with higher intrinsic frequency were seen in the earlier phases of the traveling waves. Based on the communication-through-coherence theory, this phase configuration produced a hierarchical organization of each region by unidirectional communication between the arbitrarily paired regions. In conclusion, cortical traveling waves reflect the intrinsic frequency-dependent hierarchical sequencing of local regions, global traveling waves sequence the set of large-scale cortical networks, and local traveling waves sequence local regions within individual cortical networks.
Highlights
Recent human studies using electrocorticography have demonstrated that alpha and theta band oscillations form traveling waves on the cortical surface
We evaluated the potential functions of traveling waves using the following two approaches: (1) the grouping of local cortical regions into large-scale networks and (2) the sequencing of these local regions
In line with neural synchronization t heories[3,4,5], the travelling waves were confirmed to be functional; this study is the first to demonstrate the hierarchical formation of state-dependent sequencing of local regions, that global traveling waves reflect the sequencing of individual empirical restingstate networks (Fig. 4), and that local traveling waves reflect the sequencing of local regions within the grouping size of individual networks (< 50 mm) (Figs. 6 and 7)
Summary
Recent human studies using electrocorticography have demonstrated that alpha and theta band oscillations form traveling waves on the cortical surface. In addition to traveling waves in local brain regions on the millimeter s cale[18,19,20], recent human ECoG studies[22,23,24,25,26] have demonstrated that traveling waves with oscillations in lower frequency bands (alpha and beta bands) were evident on cortical surfaces (gyri). According to neural synchronization theories, traveling waves group and sequence local regions in the entire network Such global functioning is associated with cortical resource allocation, for complex tasks like literature u nderstanding[27,28]. Researchers have developed the connectome-based modeling approach[31,32,33,34] based on data-driven structural connectivity and biologically plausible neural population dynamics This approach is considered useful for the evaluation of cortical traveling waves and their potential functions. These reports confirm the availability of connectome-based modeling for the evaluation of traveling waves with biological plausibility
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