Cortical Hand Knob Stroke: Report of 25 Cases

Abstract

Although uncommon, cortical hand knob territory stroke is a well-defined stroke entity that mimics peripheral nerve damage. Atherosclerosis and hypertension are the most prevalent risk factors for the disease. Embolic origin, either artery-to-artery or cardioembolic, has been suggested as the most probable underlying mechanism. Twenty-five patients with isolated hand palsy due to central origin were admitted to our department between 2006 and 2016. Cortical lesions were proven by either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The average age was 67 ± 12 years. Most of the cases were first-ever strokes (n = 23, 92%). Isolated infarct in the hand knob region was found in 18 of the 25 cases, whereas 7 had multiple acute infarctions. Supra-aortic atherosclerosis was found in 21 patients, 8 of them had 50% or greater ipsilateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Hypertension was the second most prevalent risk factor (n = 20, 80%). Quick improvement of symptoms was seen in almost every case (mean follow-up 17.5 months), 9 patients showed complete recovery, whereas 2 remained disabled and 1 died due to a malignant disease. Three patients suffered a recurrent stroke on follow-up. We conclude that distal arm paresis is a rare presentation of acute stroke with usually benign course.