Abstract
Saccades may be reflexive, externally triggered by a visual target (reflexive visually guided saccade) or a noise (reflexive auditory saccade), suddenly occurring on the peripheral retina or in the immediate environment, respectively. Saccades may also be intentional, either externally triggered by a visual target already present on the peripheral retina for a period of time (volitional visually-guided saccade), or internally triggered towards a target just seen previously (memory-guided saccade) or predicted (predictive saccade).Four main cerebral areas appear to be involved in the control of saccades: the frontal eye field (FEF), located on the precentral sulcus at the level of the middle frontal gyrus; the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or area 46 of Brodmann, located just anteriorly to the FEF; the supplementary motor area (SMA), located anteriorly to the precentral sulcus in the superior frontal gyrus; the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), namely the superior part of the angular gyrus (area 39 of Brodmann).R...
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