Abstract
This paper, entitled Corruption and Reversal Burden of Proof, was intended to deal with a question on the extent of the effectiveness of a reversal burden of proof as stipulated in positive (applicable) Indonesia law, that is, as provided for in Law Number 31 of 1999 on Eradication of Corruption Crime. Then, a problem that rose next was: could the application of reversal burden of proof in proving a corruption crime case prevent or reduce or even eliminate totally corruption crimes in Indonesia? This research built on a theoretical frame of thought from Roscoe Pound, who maintains that law is a tool of social engineering. This concept was cited by Muchtar Kusumaatmadja, who adapted it to Indonesia conditions and adjusted it to be law as a social engineering medium. Engineering is meant here as a transformation of the thinking ways of people from traditional thinking ways to modern ones. Law should be made as a means in resolving the entire problems that emerge between and among community, including corruption crimes. One of the things that needs to be changed is a law of proof law system, that is, from a conventional proof system to be a reversal one. This paper was written by a juridical-normative method, that is, by studying legislations, be they are contained in laws and those contained in literature/books on legal science, particularly legislations related to reversal burden of proof. Then, the results, in a form of juridical aspect, was written in a descriptiveanalytical form. The overall conclusion of this research was an answer of the problems posed above, that is: Corruption crimes have been continuously occurring till now in Indonesia. Thus, Law Number 31 of 1999, particularly Article 37, has not been effective yet in eradicating corruption crimes.
Highlights
The school of natural law, as Aristotle (±300 BC), a disciple of Socrates, puts it, provides a direction on the goals of law
A problem that rose was: could the application of reversal burden of proof in proving a corruption crime case prevent or reduce or even eliminate totally corruption crimes in Indonesia? This research built on a theoretical frame of thought from Roscoe Pound, who maintains that law is a tool of social engineering
This concept was cited by Muchtar Kusumaatmadja, who adapted it to Indonesia conditions and adjusted it to be law as a social engineering medium
Summary
The school of natural law, as Aristotle (±300 BC), a disciple of Socrates, puts it, provides a direction on the goals of law. The main goal of law is to realize the ultimate, essential goal of community, that is, justice Before it can be accomplished, an order in the community should be firstly created. The goal of law is to achieve a justice and legal certainty, as suggested by recht positivism or school of positive law that evolved in 19th century, the leading advocate of which is Hans Kelsen (1881-1973) The former is the main, oldest goal of law that is still maintained till provided that an order should be firstly created in the community. From the definition above it is obvious that, according to Muchtar Kusumaatmadja, an essential goal of law is the keeping of order and the realization of justice To achieve the latter, the former should be created in advance. New Order era, there have been some contemporary causes of corruption crime to underscore, some of which will be briefly outlined below
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