Abstract
A variety of techniques are available for monitoring metal corrosion in electrolytes. However, only some of them can be applied in the atmosphere, in which case a thin discontinuous electrolyte film forms on a surface. In this review, we describe, evaluate and compare both traditional and state-of-the-art real-time corrosion monitoring techniques to identify those suitable for atmospheric conditions. For atmospheric corrosion monitoring (ACM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise (EN), electrical resistance (ER) probes, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), radio-frequency identification sensors (RFID), fibre optic corrosion sensors (FOCS) and respirometry, the underlying principles, characteristics and application examples are described, and their advantages and drawbacks outlined. Finally, the techniques are compared in terms of their sensitivity, ease of setup, data processing, ability to identify underlying corrosion mechanisms and applicability in different fields of atmospheric corrosion protection and research.
Highlights
The atmospheric corrosion of metallic materials has huge financial, environmental and cultural implications
This review is focused on real-time corrosion monitoring, which we define as a long-term instantaneous measuring of parameters directly linked to corrosion loss
To assess the limitation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) caused by discontinuous electrolyte layer formation under low relative humidity (RH) and to determine atmospheric conditions that yield reliable EIS data, Li et al studied the responses of weathering steel electrodes under 5–100% RH in the presence of NaCl [71]
Summary
The atmospheric corrosion of metallic materials has huge financial, environmental and cultural implications. Modified electrochemical and non-electrochemical real-time corrosion monitoring techniques have been developed for use in both indoor and outdoor atmospheres. Such techniques are designed to meet the requirements of easy measurement and data interpretation, direct corrosion rate determination, rapid responses to changes in corrosivity and wide applicability in environments with different influences on corrosivity [3]. The exposure of metallic coupons is often used for corrosivity classification and other corrosion studies This technique does not provide real-time data, it is commonly used as a reference technique and is briefly introduced in this review. The key parameters of the techniques, including sensitivity, data processing procedure and applicability in different environments, are summarised for quick and easy reference
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