Abstract
Carbon‐bonded magnesia and magnesia alumina carbon (MAC) bricks have been used in the sidewalls and bottom of steel ladles for over 20 years. Due to the increasing ratio of scrap to steel, higher working temperature, and prolonged refining time, steel producers seek refractories with enhanced service lifetime. Therefore, a new generation of MgO–C bricks with addition of calcium magnesium aluminate (CMA) aggregates is tested in a ladle lining of an integrated steel shop for 138 cycles. The corrosion mechanisms are evaluated by digital light microscopy and with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The industrial trial tests reveal the formation of a slag coating at the hot face, leading to a much slower corrosion rate compared with a common MgO–C lining. The dissolution of the CMA aggregates and MgO grains results in a significant change of the slag chemistry and viscosity causing a reduced infiltration and corrosion behavior of the ladle slag. Also, the ability of bonding iron plays a major role, leading to the formation of brownmillerite phase in the protective slag coating on top of the bricks.
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