Abstract
The main cause of corrosion of metals and alloys is their thermodynamic instability in the environment. Only some of them, gold, silver, and platinum are resistant to the environment of the Earth’s crust and exist as pure metals. Many “attractions” are present around the metals: water and aqueous solutions of electrolytes, gases (oxygen, ozone, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen sulphide), salts, acids, alkalis, organic substances, and microorganisms. The conditions around the metals, such as high temperatures and temperature changes, high velocities of liquids or their stagnation, also contribute towards corrosion. Metals are not able to be apathetic to the environmental “attractions” and conditions. Our aim: to keep metallic structures in a good state, to prevent their oxidation, deterioration, loss of functional properties, damage, and failure. In order to select the correct measures of corrosion control, we have to study the corrosion mechanism, how metals react with the environment, the factors of metallic corrosion, how metals behave in different media (in water, in the atmosphere, in the presence of various salts and gases) and, of course, corrosion phenomena (general, pitting, galvanic, erosion, cavitation, MIC, and others).
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