Abstract
ABSTRACT During the production of petroleum and gas, the equipments employed for this activity are subjected to synergetic wear mechanisms, such as corrosion, corrosion-cavitation and corrosion-cavitation-erosion. Laboratory experiments has been performed to reproduce some of these mechanisms, however, sometimes the tests is not capable to recreate the complexities caused by hydrodynamic flows, physico-chemical and mechanical non-linearities. The main objective of this work is to evaluate specimens of low carbon steel under laboratory conditions, such as corrosive, cavitative-corrosive (CO2) and corrosive-erosive (CO2 + SiO2) environments. During the tests, the specimens were subjected to a stirring aqueous saline solution (0 and 5.0 m/s) at two levels of temperature, with gas injection (5.0 L/min) and contaminated with by solids particles of SiO2 (2.5% mass). The surface of the specimens subjected to upstream flow (0° in a cylindrical generatrix of the specimen), and downstream flows (180o) were analyzed by profilometry. The measurements of roughness and waviness of all specimens were statistically analyzed at a confidence level of 95% and significant differences observed in some matrices were discussed. The results suggest that the wear mechanisms that act in the upstream generatrix differ from that of specimen downstream.
Highlights
During the production of petroleum and gas, the equipments employed for this activity are subjected to synergetic wear mechanisms, such as corrosion, corrosion-cavitation and corrosion-cavitation-erosion
The results suggest that the wear mechanisms that act in the upstream generatrix differ from that of specimen downstream
The production of petroleum in the offshore fields as well as the transportation of petroleum, water, particulate matter and gas, including those associated with the pre-salt layer, has demanded detailed studies about the main wear mechanisms of the materials including those defined as corrosion, corrosion-cavitation and corrosion-cavitation-erosion
Summary
The production of petroleum in the offshore fields as well as the transportation of petroleum, water, particulate matter and gas, including those associated with the pre-salt layer, has demanded detailed studies about the main wear mechanisms of the materials including those defined as corrosion, corrosion-cavitation and corrosion-cavitation-erosion. It could be associated with the presence of O2, H2S, CO2, bubble formation and erosion by hard particles, as discussed by Nunes da Silva 0 This complexity may be increased by the action of microorganisms on the severity of wear rate as well as by the particulate matters such as CaCO3, SiO2, iron oxides, sulfides and so. According to Nesic 0, the cathodic reaction that describes this process is given by: CO H O H CO (1)
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