Corrélation entre les changements des mesures électrocardiographiques et échocardiographiques et la nature du sport pratiqué

Abstract

AimsIntense and regular sports practice leads to electrical and morphological cardiac remodeling. The aim of this study was to investigate a correlation between electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes and the nature of the sport practiced. MethodsRetrospective study of the electrocardiogram and echocardiography of competitive athletes recruited in the medical-sports center of Sousse ResultsA total of 554 athletes were included. The mean age was 16.1 ± 2.9 years and 69% were male. The average training time was 5.8 hours per week. In the population, 319 (57.6%) subjects practiced an endurance sport vs. 235 (42.4%) subjects who practiced a resistance sport. Sinus bradycardia was noted in 70 (21.9%) endurance athletes vs. 30 (12.8%) resistance athletes (p = 0.005). Long PR interval was recorded in 12 endurance athletes vs. 3 cases among resistance athletes (p = 0.046). A right bundle branch bloc was reported more frequently among endurance athletes: 55 (17.2%) vs. 22 (9.4%); (p = 0.004). The mean value of the Sokolow-Lyon index was 31.51 ± 10.34 mm in endurance athletes vs. 29.72 ± 9.41 mm in resistance athletes (p = 0.037). Systolic ejection fraction was significantly lower in endurance athletes compared to resistance athletes (66.08 ± 4.73% vs. 68.1 ± 4.90%; p = 0.005). ConclusionsThis study showed that electrical abnormalities in athletes, considered physiological, are more frequent among endurance athletes. Therefore, sport-specific criteria need to be developed for a more appropriate approach to screening for electrical abnormalities in athletes.