Abstract
Context Knowledge of the nutrient requirements of dairy cows, and the nutritional composition and physical form of the feed resources used to prepare the total mixed ration (TMR) of basic and concentrated feeds, is essential to achieving high milk yields, health and welfare in modern commercial herds. Grass and maize silage components can vary widely in composition depending on harvesting intervals and weather; thus, the distribution of dry matter (DM) and nutrients in silos may vary greatly, resulting in serious errors during sampling and analysis. In addition, the flow of information from the stored silage stops once the forages are stored in the silo. Aims The objective of this study was to develop a practical approach for measuring variations in DM and silage quality parameters (crude protein, fibre, ash and fat) during the feed-extraction process from a bunker silo by a self-propelled feed mixer, which would ultimately help farmers to optimise the TMR. Methods Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology was used to estimate fodder DM and nutrient contents in the material flow. Wet chemical analyses were used for preliminary evaluation of grass and maize silage samples. A portable NIRS was developed to record the spectra of various silage samples. Key results The spans of calibration of sample DM content were 21.3–59.2% for grass and 26–46.7% for maize. Crude protein content had span values of 11.4–18.3% for the grass silage and 5.4–10.8% for the maize silage models. Conclusions NIRS technology was used successfully to estimate the DM and nutrient contents of the fodder. The location for the functional unit on the self-propelled feed mixer may need to be modified for series production because it is not fully accessible. Implications NIRS is a suitable method for measuring DM and nutrient contents continuously during feed extraction from the bunker silo and can be used to help farmers to optimise the TMR.
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