Correlations between Microbiota Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds: A Mini-Review.

Emanuel Vamanu,Florentina Gatea

doi:10.3390/biomedicines8020039

Abstract

Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of the microbiota in supporting the physiological functions, owing to its metabolomic component. The presence of biocomponents generally leads to the correction of the microbial pattern correlated with the reduction of oxidative pressure. This study aims to present the main processes that correlate the bioavailability and bioactivity of some functional components through the action of the human microbiota. The use of probiotics and prebiotics is an innovative manner involving alternatives that increase the bioavailability of certain natural or metabolic components has been proposed. Probiotic strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum) may represent an intermediary for increasing the antioxidant bioactivity, and they may be administered in the form of a biomass enriched with functional compounds, such as phenolic acids. The limiting effect of gastrointestinal transit is, in several cases, the key to the biopharmaceutical value of new products (or supplements). The identification of newer ways of formulating supplements also involves the compatibility of different types of products, the testing of bioaccessibility, and the elimination of biotransformations.

Highlights

Numerous studies on gut microbiota have confirmed its role in the appearance and evolution of some diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, allergy, and neurological disorders [1]
The health status of the microbiota directly influences the assimilation of some nutrients, compounds from food or compounds administered in order to maintain the health such as dietary supplements based on natural compounds, as well as their metabolism and bioavailability
Defined as non-nutrients, secondary plant metabolites, antioxidants, or bioactive substances in plants [3], polyphenols represent a class of compounds that has been studied because of their biological properties, and because they are present in most types of diet

Summary

Introduction

Numerous studies on gut microbiota have confirmed its role in the appearance and evolution of some diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, allergy, and neurological disorders [1]. The health status of the microbiota directly influences the assimilation of some nutrients, compounds from food or compounds administered in order to maintain the health such as dietary supplements based on natural compounds, as well as their metabolism and bioavailability Some of these compounds, which are derived from exogenous sources (e.g., polyphenols) may improve the status of the microbiota and may reduce its oxidative stress [2]. In several cases (such as in the administration of functional products), the control of the clinical efficiency occurs through the products that result from the degradation of the majority compound, that determines the known general effect [32] These data are usually considered based on the knowledge gained from traditional medicines

Gut Microbiota and Polyphenols

Probiotics Strains and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds

Predictive Microbiota Response

The Causes of Disruption of the Microbiota-Mediated Response

Dietary Fiber and Their Role in the Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds

Conclusions