Correlations between loesses and deep-sea sediments

Abstract

Abstract Loess sequences in Czechoslovakia and Austria contain continuous sedimentary record from Pleistocene extending into Matuyama epoch. Climate changes are sensitively registered in much more detail than in deep-sea cores. Close correlation has been established between loess system and the deep-sea chronology, based on position of Brunhes Matuyama boundary and on closely corresponding cyclic repetitions of glacial-interglacial interval. Individual cycles are sawtooth-like in character, and delimitated by pronounced lithological and paleontological boundaries called Marklines, synchronous with Terminations of Broecker and Donk (1970). During “Termination-time” the Earth warmed much faster than at any other past interval and from pleniglacial thermal minimum reached interglacial thermal maximum. Lithological and paleontological evidence of this change is one of the best climatostratigraphic criterions of Pleistocene especially usefull in interregional correlations. Gradual cooling of globe during each Glacial cycle was synchroneous with corresponding trends in ice volume build-up, sea water temperature, sea level stands, soil development and faunal and floral zones shifts. Correct dating of Pleistocene sequences and of past climatic changes must take in account simultaneously all above mentioned criteria. At least eight completed Glacial cycles are recorded within Brunhes. Rich Biharian (Cromerian) fauna is embedded in youngest soil of Matuyama epoch. Alpine Mindel is with high probability correlative to U zone of Ericson. Hypothetical correlation of Olausson (1961) was found principally correct. Brunhes/Matuyama boundary may be older than 0.7 m.y. but is younger than 1.2 m.y.