Abstract
Background: Glycolysis was a representative hallmark in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and we aimed to explore the correlations between glycolysis with immune activity and clinical traits in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA).Methods: Our study obtained glycolysis scores for each BLCA samples from TCGA by a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm, based on a glycolytic gene set. The relationship between glycolysis with prognosis, clinical characteristics, and immune function were investigated subsequently.Results: We found that enhanced glycolysis was associated with poor prognosis and metastasis in BLCA. Moreover, glycolysis had a close correlation with immune function, and enhanced glycolysis increased immune activities. In other words, glycolysis had a positive correlation with immune activities. Immune checkpoints such as IDO1, CD274, were up-regulated in high-glycolysis group as well.Conclusion: We speculated that in BLCA, elevated glycolysis enhanced immune function, which caused tumor cells to overexpress immune checkpoints to evade immune surveillance. Inhibition of glycolysis might be a promising assistant for immunotherapy in bladder cancer.
Highlights
Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is one of the most common urinary malignancies, ranking as the eleventh most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide
We explored whether glycolysis score could represent glycolytic activity
We found no differences in age, gender, T stage, N stage, AJCC stage, grade between glycolysis-H group and glycolysis-L group, the difference in M stage was obvious (Table 1), which revealed that enhanced glycolytic activity facilitated invasion and metastasis in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA)
Summary
Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is one of the most common urinary malignancies, ranking as the eleventh most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Up to 25% of patients were identified as muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) for the first diagnosis, which usually leads to distant metastasis and dismal prognosis [3]. Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for MIBC, the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approvals to two immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, for first-line treatment of cisplatin-ineligible patients with PD-L1-positive bladder cancer in 2018 [4]. Glycolysis was a representative hallmark in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and we aimed to explore the correlations between glycolysis with immune activity and clinical traits in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Glycolysis had a close correlation with immune function, and enhanced glycolysis increased immune activities. Glycolysis had a positive correlation with immune activities. Immune checkpoints such as IDO1, CD274, were up-regulated in high-glycolysis group as well. Inhibition of glycolysis might be a promising assistant for immunotherapy in bladder cancer
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
