Correlations at the interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of winter triticale

Abstract

The main abiotic factor affecting the yield of triticale is the  GTK for the vegetation period (r = 0.93 ± ** 0.0193). Positive influence is ensured by precipitation before sowing (r = 0,37 ... 0,71 **). Partial death of plants during the sowing period (r = -0.37 ± 0.1233) and at the beginning of vegetation (r = -0.51 ± * 0.1057) occurs from excess moisture during these periods. During the growing season, high temperatures (r = -0.39 ... -0.71 **) and excess moisture (r = -0.32 ... -0.63 *) reduce yields. Presence in samples of telocentric chromosomes of wheat and rye, splitting testify to the continuing formative process. In the third generation, the process of splitting hybrids into morphotypes continues. There are hybrid plants with pyramidal and fusiform spike, awned and semi-awned, high and low. Compared with first-generation hybrids, the number of significant relationships in second-and third-generation hybrids is much higher. The explanation for this is that F2 and F3 hybrids have a wider range of genotypic and phenotypic variability. Splitting in F2 and subsequent generations is extremely diverse, since the parent varieties differed among themselves for a very large number of characters. The process of stabilization of F3 hybrids is not complete, in addition to the recombination of genes, the process of stabilizing the level of ploidy has not been completed. The obtained hybrid material is of interest as a theoretical one - for further genetic research, as well as practical - for selective use. Increasing the sensitivity of the hybrid to favorable and unfavorable conditions shows an increase in the phenotypic plasticity expressed by the bi regression coefficient. The reason of such as lies in the genetic determination of the norm of reaction, the phenotypic manifestation of which depends on the action of environment factors and their tension. The purpose of this study was to study the correlation relationships of hybrids F1, F2 and F3 obtained in different ways, plasticity and stability. Identify the likelihood of cytogenetic balanced forms in F3 and the ability to conduct selections in this generation.