Abstract
The study of the genetic control of agronomic traits and heritage through estimates of genetic parameters of a population allows inferences about its genetic variability and which can be expected of gain with selection. Know the correlations among traits of interest for selection allows to the breeder know the degree of association among traits of economic importance, given that the selection of certain trait changes the behavior of the other. With the aim to estimate genetic parameters and identify agronomic traits correlated with the grain yield of maize hybrids, an experiment was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul - University Unit of Aquidauana (UEMS/UUA). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. Treatments consisted of 20 maize hybrids. The traits evaluated were: plant height, first ear height, stem diameter, ear diameter, ear length, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, hundred grain weight and grain yield. The hybrids XB9010, P30F53, 20A78HX, XB6012, P3340, AG9010 and XB7253, obtained the highest grain yield and mass of one hundred grains. The population has a genetic variability and potential for selection of all traits. Based on the evaluated genetic parameters, mass of hundred grains can be used at the direct selection of genotypes with high grain yield.
Highlights
One of the main cereals grown in the world is the maize (Zea mays L.), main raw material of international pig and poultry farming (PATERNIANI; FIELDS, 2005; TEODORO et al, 2014a)
Grain yield is a trait in which genetic inheritance is complex because results from the involvement of several small effect genes on the phenotype (CRUZ et al, 2014)
The study of the genetic control of agronomic traits and heritage through estimates of genetic parameters of a population allows inferences about its genetic variability and which can be expected of gain with selection
Summary
One of the main cereals grown in the world is the maize (Zea mays L.), main raw material of international pig and poultry farming (PATERNIANI; FIELDS, 2005; TEODORO et al, 2014a). Brazil is one of the largest maize producers in the world, with 14 million hectares and a production higher than 80 million tons, with an average yield 5,115 kg ha-1 (CONAB, 2013). This yield is considered low when compared with the productive potential of genotypes available in the market. One of the main aims of maize breeding is obtaining genotypes with high capacity grain (LEMES et al, 1992; TEODORO et al, 2015). The breeder to define appropriate strategies for achieving superior genotypes based on the most important traits (FERREIRA et al, 2009) uses the estimates obtained
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