Abstract
背景与目的肺癌的治疗模式以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs)作为EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者一线治疗;同时以程序性死亡受体1(programmed death receptor 1, PD-1)及其配体(programmed death receptor ligand 1, PD-L1)抑制剂为代表的免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs)的免疫治疗在肺癌治疗中疗效显著。本研究旨在探讨PD-1和PD-L1在NSCLC中的表达及其与临床病理特征、EGFR突变之间的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法检测127例NSCLC PD-1和PD-L1蛋白表达,同时用定量聚合酶链反应(quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)检测EGFR基因突变,分析其与临床病理特征之间的关系,研究PD-1、PD-L1表达之间以及其与EGFR突变的关系。结果NSCLC肿瘤细胞及肿瘤浸润免疫细胞PD-1阳性表达53.5%(68/127),肿瘤细胞PD-L1表达57.5%(73/127),PD-1和PD-L1的表达在低分化癌、临床分期Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期明显高于高中分化癌、Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期(均P < 0.05);EGFR突变率为46.5%(59/127),EGFR突变的患者中女性、无吸烟史、腺癌、高中分化组分别高于男性、吸烟史、鳞癌、低分化组患者(均P < 0.05);NSCLC患者PD-L1与PD-1蛋白表达存在一致性(kappa=0.107, 5, P=0.487),EGFR突变与PD-1、PD-L1表达存在负相关关系(Φ=-0.209,Φ=-0.221,均P < 0.05);对NSCLC患者随访,在 < 65岁、腺癌、高中分化癌、PD-L1表达的患者中位总生存期分别高于≥65岁、鳞癌、低分化癌、PD-L1不表达患者(均P < 0.05)。PD-L1低表达患者中位生存期明显高于高表达患者(P=0.04)。结论参照《非小细胞肺癌PD-L1免疫组织化学检测规范中国专家共识》检测非小细胞肺癌PD-L1表达,筛选出抗PD-1/PD-L1治疗的优势人群;同时检测出EGFR突变的患者,并且EGFR突变与PD-1、PD-L1表达存在负相关关系,依据PD-L1表达和EGFR突变状态,可能使NSCLC患者在的个体化治疗中获益,同时65岁以下、腺癌、高中分化、PD-L1低表达的患者有相对好的预后,为NSCLC预后评估提供参考。
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