Correlation of Vitamin D Level and Bone Mineral Density in Epilepsy Children Who Received Oral Antiepileptic Drug

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D plays an essential role in achieving adequate bone mineralization. Antiepileptic drug (AED) will cause a change in calcium serum levels and bone mineral density (BMD) through increase catabolism of Vitamin D in the liver, as well as having a direct effect on the bone. AIM: The aimed of this study was to know the correlation of Vitamin D [25(OH)D] level and BMD in epilepsy children who received oral AED. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2016. Subjects were collected using consecutive sampling in 1−11-year-old epilepsy children who went to the pediatric Neurology and Endocrinology outpatient clinic at Sanglah Hospital. Age, sex, body weight, body height, type and number of AED used, and duration of treatment were recorded. Measurement of 25(OH)D level and BMD was performed. Pearson test was used to analyze the strength of correlation based on normality test result. RESULTS: Thirty subjects were collected, male (19/63.33%), mean age was 7.22 years, mean treatment duration was 1.71 years. Type of AED was inducer AED (18/60%) and non-inducer AED (12/40%). Mean Vitamin D level was 27.19 ng/mL and mean BMD was 0.78 g/cm2. Partial correlation test of Vitamin D level with BMD after controlling age found r = 0.118 with p = 0.54. CONCLUSION: There was weak correlation between Vitamin D level and BMD in epilepsy children who received oral AED, but the correlation analysis was not sufficient to prove the relationship.