Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the total content of phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins, as well as on the antioxidant activity of the extract, and their fractions were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phosphomolybdate reduction (or total antioxidant capacity), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The hydromethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis showed the highest values of total phenolic (176 mgGAE/g of extract) and condensed tannins (162.53 mgEC/g of extract) from the Boulemane and Khenifra regions, respectively. The results showed that the best DPPH assay was found in the ethyl acetate fraction of Salvia officinalis leaves of the Boulemane region (IC50 = 0.002 mg/ml). For the ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions of Salvia officinalis leaves, those collected from different regions have a better reducing capacity (EC50 = 0.021 mg/ml, respectively). For the total antioxidant capacity, the best activity was found in the aqueous fraction of Salvia officinalis leaves of the Boulemane region (108 mgGAE/g of extract). By the cyclic voltammetry method, hydromethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis leaves from the Boulemane region showed an important result (288.8 mgGAE/g). There was a positive correlation between total phenol content (TPC), condensed tannin content (TCT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (r = 0.932, r = 0.896, respectively). The main compounds that have been identified in the hydromethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis are ascorbic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, tannic acid, and rutin. Due to their antioxidant property, the leaf extracts from Salvia officinalis are used as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceutical industries.
Highlights
IntroductionIn traditional medicine in Europe, S. officinalis L. has been used to treat mild dyspepsia, excessive sweating, age-related cognitive impairment, and inflammatory in the throat and skin [15]
Several epidemiological studies suggest that antioxidant-rich plants play a protective role in health and disease [2], and their consumption has lowered the risk of cancer, heart disease, and hypertension [3]. e main compounds of phytochemicals that can contribute to the total antioxidant capacity of the plant include polyphenols and vitamins (C and E). e phenolic compounds of the plants are hydroxyderivatives of benzoic acid and cinnamic acids and have been reported as having antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects. e phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, are important in plant defense mechanisms against invasive bacteria and other types of environmental stress [4]
We have found most important positive correlation between total phenol (TPC), condensed tannins (TCT), and IC50 concentrations with an R2 0.771 and 0.715, respectively, indicating that 77.1 and 71.5% of the antioxidant capacity of extracts is due to the contribution of phenolic compounds and condensed tannins and that they are the dominant antioxidants in these extracts, but there is no correlation between of total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH (Table 4)
Summary
In traditional medicine in Europe, S. officinalis L. has been used to treat mild dyspepsia, excessive sweating, age-related cognitive impairment, and inflammatory in the throat and skin [15] It is considered as a stimulant for anemic people, for stressed and depressed people, and advised for students during the exam period. E commercial importance of the plant Salvia officinalis is due to the richness of phenolic and volatile compounds such as essential oil It occupies an important place in the cosmetic food industries because of its biological properties. Rosmarinic acid and flavonoids of S. officinalis especially quercetin and rutin have stronger antioxidant activity [20]
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