Correlation of the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells in lymph node fine needle aspiration biopsies with HIV clinical status. A preliminary study.

Abstract

To test the hypothesis that lymph node (LN) fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) may provide reliable measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease status. HIV+ participants in this study had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy without clinical evidence of lymphoma or nodal infections due to organisms other than HIV. Seven males and five females ranging in age from 23 to 55 and at HIV Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stages A2-C3 were enrolled in this study. From each participant, LN and blood samples were submitted for cytologic examination and flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subsets. Flow cytometry measures included T, B, CD4+, CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cells. The percentages of T, B and NK cells in LN and blood samples were different and reflected the expected distribution of these cell types in the respective tissues. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in blood and LN were different, but this variation was not statistically significant. In contrast, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells in LN and blood was different and statistically significant (P < .001) for patients in CDC categories A2-B2 but not different for categories B3-C3. More important, there was a significant (r = .76) correlation between the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells in LN with CDC stage. FNAB, in combination with flow cytometry, may prove to be an important tool in HIV clinical staging. However, further assessment, including clinical follow-up and participation of additional patients, is necessary and currently under way.