Correlation of Structural and Behavioral Factors to Dropout Status of Childhood Immunization

Abstract

Immunization dropout (DO) occurs when a child does not receive follow-up immunization according to the set schedule. High dropout status has potential increasing the risk of contracting dangerous diseases because the body immunity is not optimal. Resistance, hesitate and distrust of vaccines lead to delays and refusal of immunization. The study aims to analyze the incidence of immunization dropout from structural and behavioral dimensions. This is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The population was all children aged 12-23 months in Central Java province with totally sample of 685 people. Data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaire instruments and observations using the MCH Book. The dropout rate for DPT/HB/HiB_1 to DPT/HB/HiB_3 immunization was 6.2%, and to Meales/Rubella was 10.4%. A total of 14.4% of children have a dropout immunization status. For structural dimension, there is a correlation between information sources and family income with dropout status. For behavioral dimension, variables of knowledge, perception of adverse events and perception of booster correlated with immunization dropout status. The involvement of all stakeholders is needed to provide correct information about vaccines and immunization, as well as the use of attractive communication media. Responsive and adequate surveillance and anticipation of adverse immunization reports should be strengthened.