Abstract
One of the substantial of geophysics is to investigate the subsurface condition of the earth (groundwater) using appropriate geophysical techniques. In this research the correlation of self potential (SP) and ground magnetic methods was used to investigate fluid seepage in Archaeological site, Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah, Malaysia. Self-potential method was used to determine flow of water, and Ground magnetic method was used to find object that can influence the result of self potential measurement and the aquifer depth, the lines were spread 0m ≤ x ≤ 9m, 0m ≤ y ≤ 30m with a trace intervals of 1.5m and 0.75m per electrode spacing respectively. The result display by Self Potential signals gives a clear understand that water flow from higher value (central) towards the lower value which is mostly at the southwest part than other areas and distinct level of feasible flow at different part ranges from -30mV to +35mV,which are very related to seepage flow patterns, negative SP anomalies were related with subsurface seepage flow paths (recharge zone) and positive SP anomalies were related with areas of seepage outflow (discharge zone); and Ground Magnetic signals shows good details of the buried materials with high magnetic values which was interpreted as baked clay bricks and low magnetic values indicate groundwater seepage with depth of 5m. Therefore, the two results have correlation significant at 0.8 which show good correlation in groundwater investigation in this study, which validates the results.
Highlights
Water flows through the voids in a soil which are interconnected; since the velocities are very small
The self potentials (SP) anomaly caused by the flow can be measured on the surface above the flow path; this is the basis of the SP method for seepage detection and mapping
Approximations of depth of burial were made using graphical methods of interpretation halfwidth rules as described in Nettleton (1976); for Self Potential and Magnetic data the depth was obtained from this Equation
Summary
Water flows through the voids in a soil which are interconnected; since the velocities are very small. Electrokinesis is a process in which flow of fluids through a porous soil on rock generates electrical voltages (potentials), these potentials are called streaming or self potentials (SP) Revil et al (2017), Zhang et al (2017). The magnitude of the SP depends on the dielectric constant, electrical resistivity and viscosity of the fluid, on a coupling constant between the fluid and the soil/rock, and on the pressure drop along the flow path DesRoches et al (2018), Leonard et al (2011), Bogoslovsky & Ogilvy (1972). The SP anomaly caused by the flow can be measured on the surface above the flow path; this is the basis of the SP method for seepage detection and mapping
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