Correlation of polymerization conditions with drag reduction efficiency of poly(1-hexene) in oil pipelines

Abstract

High molecular weight with long linear side branches are frequently used in oil pipelines as one of the main classes of drag reducer agents (DRAs). We studied the effects of polymerization conditions, including reaction temperature, monomer concentration and cocatalyst concentration ratio (Al/Ti), on the polymerization yield and molecular weight of the resultant poly(1-hexene) made by Ziegler–Natta catalyst and their consequent effects on the drag reduction efficiency in a loop test. The experimental results verified that the catalyst activity increased from 115 to 220 kgPH/molTi.atm, while the molecular weight of poly(1-hexene) dropped from 2100 to 1030 kDa, as the reaction temperature was increased from 0 to 50 °C. The loop test results also revealed that the highest pressure drop was achieved using the polymer synthesized at 0 °C and by subsequent increase in reaction temperature the pressure drop decreased. Furthermore, the catalyst activity increased from 143 to 262 kgPH/molTi.atm by increasing Al/Ti ratio, while the molecular weight increased up to a maximum level of 1500 kDa at Al/Ti = 143 and decreased at higher cocatalyst contents. Similarly, the results showed the maximum pressure drop of 20 % at Al/Ti = 143. Finally, by increasing monomer concentration, the catalyst activity and polymer molecular weight increased from 75 to 262 kgPH/molTi.atm for the former, and from 700 to 1800 kDa for the latter which resulted in maximum pressure drop by 25 %. Moreover, the pressure drop for each utilized poly(1-hexene) was increased proportionately with DRA’s concentration, and interestingly enough, DRAs were further effective at more turbulent flows with higher Reynolds numbers.