Abstract
BackgroundWe investigated whether periodontal diseases, specifically, periodontitis and gingivitis, could be risk factors of the incidence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs).MethodsWe performed a case–control study to compare the differences in the periodontal disease parameters of 281 cases that were divided into the IAs group and non-IAs group. All cases underwent complete radiographic examination for IAs and examination for periodontal health.ResultsComparing with those in the non-IAs group, the cases in the IAs group were older (53.95 ± 8.56 vs 47.79 ± 12.33, p < 0.001) and had a higher incidence of hypertension (76 vs 34, p = 0.006). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (> 50 years) and hypertension were predictive risk factors of aneurysm formation (odds ratio [OR] 1.047, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.022–1.073, p < 0.001 and OR 2.047, 95% CI 1.232–3.401, p = 0.006). In addition, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the parameters of periodontal diseases, including gingival index, plaque index, clinical attachment loss, and alveolar bone loss, were significantly associated with the occurrence of IAs (all p < 0.05). For further statistical investigation, the parameters of periodontal diseases were divided into four layers based on the quartered data. Poorer periodontal health condition (especially gingival index > 1.1 and plaque index > 1.5) had the correlation with IAs formation (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001).ConclusionSevere gingivitis or periodontitis, combining with hypertension, is significantly associated with the incidence of IAs.
Highlights
We investigated whether periodontal diseases, periodontitis and gingivitis, could be risk factors of the incidence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs)
gingival index (GI) could be considered as a risk predictive factor of IAs (OR of GI > 1.1 17.11, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 3.339–87.66, p = 0.001)
The severity of alveolar bone loss (ABL) (> 4.00 mm) represented another significant risk factor of IAs with two Odds ratios (OR) values, 4.00– 5.00 mm (p = 0.003), which corresponded to an OR of 6.409, and over 5.0 mm (p = 0.005), which corresponded to an OR of 21.835
Summary
We investigated whether periodontal diseases, periodontitis and gingivitis, could be risk factors of the incidence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are pathological dilatations of cerebral arteries; they are most often saccular in shape and frequently found in proximal cerebral artery bifurcations [1]. IAs rupture and subsequent hemorrhage may account for a mortality rate of 35%, and most survivors are left with considerable neurological impairment [3, 4]. Unruptured IAs are commonly treated through endovascular intervention or neurosurgical procedures to decrease the possibility of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Most unruptured IAs are asymptomatic, and patients ignore potential risks. IAs must be diagnosed accurately before rupture, and the pathological mechanism of aneurysm formation should be emphasized
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