Correlation of PD-L1 and CD133 Expression with Metastasis in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of Luminal B Subtype

Abstract

Background: Breast carcinoma is a cancer with the highest number in women, Luminal B is the highest number of all types of invasive breast carcinoma in the world. Invasive breast carcinoma of luminal B is breast carcinoma with hormone-receptor positive (estrogen-receptor and/or progesterone-receptor positive), and either HER2 positive or HER2 negative with high levels of Ki-67. Determining the aggressiveness factor in invasive breast carcinoma is very important. PD-L1 is a checkpoint in the cancer cell immunity cycle that affects the aggressiveness of tumour cells and CD133 is a cancerous stem cell marker that plays a role in proliferation, renewal and invasion of tumour cells. This study aims to determine the relationship of PD-L1 and CD133 expression with metastasis in the invasive breast carcinoma of Luminal B subtype.
 Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a case control design to analyze 40 cases of invasive breast carcinoma Luminal B subtype, then divided into 2 groups, metastasis and nonmetastasis groups of 20 cases respectively. Then, all samples were performed by PD-L1 and CD133 immunohistochemistry staining, and then were associated with metastasis. All data were analyzed statistically, tested with a value of p < 0.05 from a significant level then processed with SPSS 24.0 for Windows.
 Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship in PD-L1 (p = 0.013), CD133 (p = 0.020) with metastasis. PD-L1 expression affects the incidence of metastasis more strongly than the CD133 expression, the high CD133 expression has the greatest risk of metastasis, compared to the high expression in PD-L1 (PD-L1 Odds Ratio : OR CD133 = 7.364 : 12,667).
 Conclusions: The more increase in expression of PD-L1 and CD133 which demonstrated the more tendency for metastasis shows that PD-L1 had the most influence on metastasis.