Correlation of pathologic findings after brief neoadjuvant sorafenib (neoS) with results of dynamic-contrast enhanced (DCE) and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients (pts) with locally advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Abstract

e15554 Background: Many pts receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors for RCC manifest stable disease as their best response by RECIST criteria. We hypothesized that tumor necrosis by DCE and DW-MRI after brief treatment with neoS may correlate with pathologic findings. We investigated in a pilot study whether these MRI changes may serve as an imaging biomarker predictive of clinical outcome. Methods: Pts with locally advanced or metastatic clear cell RCC undergoing nephrectomy or metastastectomy were treated with neoS 400mg PO bid for 28 days prior to surgery. The feasibility and safety of neoS was determined. Tumor necrosis detected by DCE and DW MRI’s pre- and post-neoS were compared and correlated with survival and pathologic findings at surgery. RECIST/WHO criteria were also compared. Results: 9 pts were enrolled, and all underwent surgery after neoS, 4 weeks (n=7) or less for toxicity (n=2). Clear cell/sarcomatoid histology was noted in 8 pts, and papillary in 1. All pts had T3 or T4 disease. 7 had M1 disease. No surgical complications occurred. 7 pts (78%) experienced Grade 3 toxicities, including hypertension (n=1), pancreatitis (n=1), hand-foot syndrome (n=1), hyponatremia (n=2), and rash (n=2). No grade 4 or 5 toxicities were observed. 4 of 8 clear cell/sarcomatoid pts (50%) have died, 3 due to progressive disease and 1 of unrelated causes. DCE and DW MRI’s with direct surgical pathological correlation were available in 7 of these pts. The mean ADC DW MRI changes in the renal lesion of 4 longer term survivors (median survival = 43 months) was +.22 vs. –0.07 in the 3 short term survivors (median survival = 13 months). RECIST/WHO criteria did not correlate with response. Evaluation of lack of enhancement on DCE MRI and increase in ADC on DW MRI were seen and correlated with necrosis on pathologic specimens. Conclusions: Four weeks of neoS is associated with significant necrosis that correlates with DCE-MRI and DW-MRI. There may be a trend in survival with greater necrosis, suggesting a role for these imaging biomarkers to assess early benefits of therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT00727532.