Abstract
This study aims to investigate the correlation between the P-wave velocity (Vp) and the mechanical and the physical properties of the limestone; Vp tests were conducted on over 320 limestone samples. Moreover, the effects of the mineralogical, textural, and chemical composition of limestone were also studied through thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The relationships between the Vp and the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), point load index (PLI(Is(50)), 2nd cycle of slake durability index (Id2), natural unit weight (γn), specific gravity (Gs(c)), water absorption by weight (WA), and porosity (n) were estimated using representative empirical equations. The empirical equations were validated by Student’s t test that has indicated the existence of strong relationships between the mechanical and physical properties of the intact limestone with Vp; the calculated t-values were higher than the t-critical value. Furthermore, the results of previously available studies were compared with the results of this study in terms of the generated equations for Vp values and the slope of a 1:1 line, which was used to appraise the predicted and measured values. This study demonstrates that the UCS, PLI(Is(50)), Id2, γn, Gs(c), WA, and n values of an intact limestone can be predicted by using Vp, which is fast, easy, economical and nondestructive test.
Highlights
This study aims to investigate the correlation between the P-wave velocity (Vp) and the mechanical and the physical properties of the limestone; Vp tests were conducted on over 320 limestone samples
The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on 159 NX-sized core samples, which were prepared based on the A STM28 standard, with approximately 2:1 length to diameter ratio
94 test samples were arranged for the slake durability index (SDI) test from each rock block, and the SDI tests were conducted based on the ASTM30 standard (Fig. 3D)
Summary
This study aims to investigate the correlation between the P-wave velocity (Vp) and the mechanical and the physical properties of the limestone; Vp tests were conducted on over 320 limestone samples. Yasar and Erdogan[2] reported strong relationships among UCS, modulus of elasticity (E), density (ρ), and Vp. Kahraman and Yeken[3] conducted various tests, for instance, absorption of water by weight (WA), ρ, porosity (n), and V p, on 14 different carbonate rocks and reported strong negative and positive correlations between V p and all studied physical parameters. Yagiz[7] assessed the geotechnical properties of carbonate rocks using Vp tests and found high to low positive and negative correlation coefficients in the relationships among UCS, E, effective porosity (n′), WA, Schmidt rebound value (SHV), 2nd cycle of the slake durability index (Id2), dry density (ρd), saturated density (ρs), and Vp using statistical analyses, including Student’s t test. Jamshidi et al 201611 Jamshidi et al 201712 Ferreidooni and Khajevad 201813 Ali et al 201814 Kurtulus et al 201815 Wen et al 20196
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