Correlation of microbiota in the gut of fish species and water

Ao Zeng,Shengping Wang,Dong Miao,Yan Shu,Kai Tan,Fajiao Zeng,Xiaoling Zhou,Shufeng Gao,Ping Lei,Zhaohui Guo,Yinghua Zhou,Ping Gong,Huizhi Liu

doi:10.1007/s13205-020-02461-5

Ao Zeng, Shengping Wang + Show 11 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02461-5

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Abstract

To analyze the intestinal microbiota diversity of several important economic fishes in the Loudi area and its correlation with the microbiota of water environment, the high-throughput sequencing based on the bacteria 16S rRNA was used to analyze the intestinal microbiota diversity in fish intestines and water. The results revealed that half of the OTUs in the water sample could be detected in the fish intestine, the proportion of shared OTUs in the intestines of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and water samples was only 22%, and the unique OTU in the LC group was relatively the highest in the fish intestinal group. It can be seen from the analysis in NMDS analysis, the distance between Hypophthalmichthys molitrix group and water group is relatively farthest. Ctenopharyngodon idellus has the highest microbiota richness and diversity (P < 0.05), while the water samples have the lowest microbiota richness (P < 0.05). Firmicutes, Methylocaldum and Bacillus are the prevalent taxonomic unit in the Aristichthys nobilis and Carassius auratus groups, Anaerospora is the prevalent genera in the Hypophthalmichthys molitrix group, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria have a high relative abundance ratio in the Ctenopharyngodon idellus group, and the prevalent taxonomic unit in the water sample group are Phenylobacterium, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. In conclusion, fish species have different prevalent microbiota. There are a strong correlation between fish intestinal microbiota and the water environment, and the fish with a weak correlation is Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Results of this study will contribute to the prevention and treatment of fish diseases and the fish ecological culturing in Loudi area.

Highlights

The intestinal microbiota of fish are much more simpler than mammals (Mitra et al 2014; Okadinya et al 2013)
As comprehensively investigated in the present study, it can be observed that half of the OTUs in the water sample can be detected in fish intestines
The ratio of the number of OTUs shared by Aristichthys nobilis, Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Carassius auratus with the water samples accounted for more than 30% of the total OTU samples in water samples, while the ratio of the shared OTU of the Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and water samples was only 22%, and the unique OTU in the LC group was relatively the highest in the fish intestinal group

Summary

Introduction

The intestinal microbiota of fish are much more simpler than mammals (Mitra et al 2014; Okadinya et al 2013). Due to the limitations of fish physiological conditions, in which the evolution of the intestine of fish is not complete, the digestive enzymes secreted by intestinal microorganisms and the regulating functions of intestinal microorganisms on fish immunity are important. Intestinal physiological microbiota, fish body and the surrounding water environment constitute a ecosystem, which is interdependent. The main factors are the type of fish and the waters it inhabits, while other factors include the bait, development stage, water temperature and physiological conditions (Jiang et al 2016). The study of fish intestinal microorganisms should be systematic or qualitatively researched in fixed culturing conditions

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Results

Conclusion