Correlation of Interleukin-33 and Imunoglobulin E with Risk of Asthma in Pregnant Woman

Abstract

Background: Interleukin-33 (Il-33) is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic asthma by activating Th2 cells. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) attached to mast cells and degranulation which cause bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion and vasodilation in asthma. The pathomechanism of asthma in pregnancy not clearly understood. The main of this study to evaluate the level of IL-33 and IgE in asthma pregnancy. Method: This was a case control study conducted in Makassar Indonesia from November 2020 until June 2021. Interleukin 33 and IgE levels were analyzed from serum samples using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method and the level of asthma control determined with GINA Criteria Result: Subject were 80 pregnant women: 40 subject with asthma in pregnancy and 40 non asthma. Subject of asthma in pregnancy were 22 uncontrolled, 18 well controlled asthma. The mean age was not significantly different between the subjects of pregnant women with asthma (28.025 + 5.17 years) and subjects of non-asthmatic pregnant women (28.025 + 4.26 years). Mean serum IL-33 levels were not higher in pregnant women with asthma than non-asthmatic pregnant women (1.77 vs 1.60 рg/mL, p=0.43) but mean serum IgE level were higher (529.8 vs 66.77 IU/mL, p=0.001). Mean serum IL-33 levels were not higher in uncontrolled asthma compared to well controlled (1.62 vs 1.98 рg/mL, p=0.44) but mean serum IgE levels were higher in uncontrolled asthma compared to controlled asthma (745.76 vs 264.6 IU/mL, p=0.01). Conclusion: Levels of IL-33 serum were not higher asthma in pregnancy and also not different in level of asthma controlled, but levels IgE serum were higher in subjects with asthma in pregnancy and also uncontrolled asthma.