Abstract
External and internal mass transfer limitations that influence the rate of substrate conversion by immobilized biocatalysts in artificial (biotechnical) and natural systems can be expressed by the following system properties: (i) dimensionless numbers that are ratios between the maximum rate of substrate conversion and the maximum rate of substrate transfer (Damköhler or Thiele modulus); (ii) stationary and operational effectiveness factors. Their magnitude must be estimated in applied and fundamental studies on immobilized biocatalysts in artificial and natural (cells) systems where observed rates should be directly proportional to the biocatalyst content, or to optimize technical systems by minimizing external and internal mass transfer limitations. Different procedures to calculate these properties are described and compared with respect to their potential use to predict experimental data.
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