Correlation of Cystatin-c with Albumin Creatinine Ratio for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study in Medan Indonesia

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BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (ND) is one of the main complications of chronic microvascular diabetes mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD), accounting for nearly half of all ND cases with ESRD incidence in developed countries. Recently, cystatin C serum has been considered as a new biomarker for the diagnosis of kidney damage. Cystatin-C is an appropriate marker for GFR measurement because it is not affected by age, weight, gender, and protein intake. Early detection of abnormal renal function is essential to slow progression to a further stage of nephropathy or the final stage of kidney disease. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between cystatin-C and ACR to early detection of nephropathy complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study uses an observational analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were visiting the primary health service in Medan that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample count was 89 respondents. The sampling method is done through consecutive sampling. The source of this research data is primary data, including the results of cystatin-c examination and albumin. Data analysis used Spearman correlation using SPSS for Windows software. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between cystatin-C levels and albuminuria (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Diabetic nephropathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent albuminuria and progressive decline of renal function, cystatin-C and albuminuria levels can be used as early detection of nephropathy complications.