Abstract
Introduction: Urolithiasis is the formation of stony concretions in the bladder or urinary tract. Nearly 10% of the population suffers from urolithiasis, which has a high chance of recurring. Many resources are used to treat urinary stones globally, but the need for prevention has been neglected. Aim: To determine the levels of Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Uric Acid (UA) and Magnesium (Mg) in the blood and urine of patients with urolithiasis, as well as in urinary stones post-procedure. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery at the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Ram Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, from November 2021 to October 2022. A total of 80 patients suffering from urolithiasis were involved in the study. Serum and 24-hour urinary samples were collected for quantitative analysis of Mg, Ca, UA and Phosphate (Ph) levels. Urinary stones postsurgery were sent to the biochemistry section of the reference laboratory for semi- quantitative colorimetric determination and morphological analysis. Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient was used to correlate two quantitative variables and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the study, 77.5% of the patients were males and 22.5% were females. Based on their fundamental components, a single calcium oxalate calculus was found in 39 patients. The levels of biochemical parameters associated with urinary stones were as follows: Ca component= 38.13±5.53 mg/dL; Mg component= 10.33±4.94 mg/dL; UA= 10.13±9.04 mg/dL; and Ph= 4.55±1.08 mg/dL. A strong positive correlation was observed between serum calcium and stone calcium (r=0.747, p=0.001) and between stone calcium and urine uric acid (r=0.813, p=0.001). Conclusion: A significant relationship was observed between stone calcium and serum calcium.
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