Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) are one of the most effective ways to harvest renewable solar energy, with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices soaring above 19% when processed with halogenated solvents. The superior photocurrent of OPV over other emerging photovoltaics offers more opportunities to further improve the efficiency. Tailoring the absorption band of photoactive materials is an effective way to further enhance OPV photocurrent. However, the field has mostly been focusing on improving the near-infrared region photo-response, with the absorption shoulders in short-wavelength region (SWR) usually being neglected. Herein, by developing a series of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with varied side-group conjugations, we observe an enhanced SWR absorption band with increased side-group conjugation length. The underpinning factors of how molecular structures and geometries improve SWR absorption are clearly elucidated through theoretical modelling and crystallography. Moreover, a clear relationship between SWR absorption intensity and singlet-triplet energy gap is established. These collectively establish a comprehensive correlation from NFA structure to non-radiative recombination loss in OPV, affording a high PCE of 18.5% when processed with a non-halogenated green solvent.
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