Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the correlations between free radical antioxidant activity and anti-wrinkling activity. Areca nut was extracted using various concentrations of ethanol (0, 40, 80, and 100%) and methanol (0, 40, 80, and 100%) at 100 °C for 90 min. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Areca nut were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SRSA), and anti-wrinkling activity (collagenase inhibition and elastase inhibition). In addition, the antioxidant activities were correlated with collagenase inhibition. The antioxidant activities of the extracts exhibited little correlation (R=0.008-0.0760) with TPC, TFC, and TAC; however, significant correlation (R=0.825-0.891) was shown with collagenase inhibition. The 40% and 80% EtOH extracts showed the highest levels of antioxidant activities, and also had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents. The antioxidant activities of the 80% EtOH extracts was greater than that of other extracts. These results indicate that the collagenase inhibition effects of Areca nut extracts may be due to free radical antioxidant activities, and the optimal extraction condition was 80% EtOH.
Highlights
Free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are molecules that have unpaired electrons
The superoxide anion radical scavenging activity was calculated by the following equation: Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (%) = (A–B)/A × 100 where A is the absorbance of the control and B is the absorbance of the test sample
The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the 40% EtOH extract was the highest, and antioxidant activity related to free radicals (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SRSA)) Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, and ONOO- scavenging activity showed the highest scavenging activity in the hot water extract
Summary
Free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are molecules that have unpaired electrons They are generally unstable and damage normal cells in the body (Kim et al, 2018). ROS and RNS have been reported to cause oxidative stress on proteins and DNA in cells that can lead to cell damage, and may contribute to degenerative diseases, such as meningitis, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (Yun et al, 2018; Lee & Im 2012). They are involved in promoting melanin production by destroying and damaging the skin’s antioxidant defense network, which can lead to accelerated skin aging, such as wrinkle formation, elasticity reduction, freckles, and spotting (Go et al, 2020)
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