Abstract
The surface effect of acoustic anisotropy in steel and aluminum industrial alloys was experimentally detected. Changes in the integral value of acoustic anisotropy in 10–15 times were observed after removing the surface layer with a thickness of 100 microns in steel specimens and 250 microns in aluminum specimens. The correlation between distributions of acoustic anisotropy and hydrogen concentrations in surface layer of specimens was found. It was suggested that the surface effect of acoustic anisotropy occurs due to the influence of microcrack systems localized in a surface layer of metal. This result can be used to improve existing approaches to estimating of corrosion damage, fatigue, mechanical stresses and plastic deformations of technical structures by using acoustic anisotropy.
Highlights
Acoustic anisotropy is the relative difference between velocities of bulk shear waves of mutually orthogonal polarization
We found that damage accumulation in a surface layer [21, 26,27,28] occurs during plastic deformation, corrosion and fatigue
The results of acoustic measurements in specimens made of steel and aluminum industrial alloys indicate the surface effect of acoustic anisotropy
Summary
Acoustic anisotropy is the relative difference between velocities of bulk shear waves of mutually orthogonal polarization. The acoustoelasticity method is the first industrial certified method with the use of acoustic anisotropy for measuring mechanical stresses in structures subject to elastic deformations. It was developed in Russia [4,5]. The nonmonotonic dependence of acoustic anisotropy on plastic deformations [25,26], the influence of damage due to cyclic loading [27] and hydrogen cracking [28] of metals on the integral value of acoustic anisotropy were observed These results impose limitations on application of the acoustoelasticity method according to the standard [4].
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