Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important factor in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) interactions. Losartan (LOS) belongs to the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) family. Additionally, the protective role of ACE2 restored by LOS has been suggested and clinically examined in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, clinical trials with LOS have been conducted. However, the mechanism through which LOS enhances ACE2 expression remains unclear. In addition, the response of ACE2 to LOS differs among patients. Our LOS-treated patient data revealed a correlated mechanism of ACE2 with components of the renin-angiotensinogen system. We observed a significant positive regulation of MAS1 and ACE2 expression. In the context of LOS treatment of COVID-19, ACE2 expression could depend on LOS regulated MAS1. Thus, MAS1 expression could predict the COVID-19 treatment response of LOS.
Highlights
Abbreviations ACE2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Ang II Angiotensin II AGT Angiotensinogen MAS1 Mas proto-oncogene gene AT1R Angiotensin receptor 1 angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) Angiotensin receptor 2 LOS Losartan COVID19 Coronavirus disease 2019
ACE2 is an important factor in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) interactions, because the virus uses the ACE2 receptor to gain entry into the c ell[1,2]
We identified the correlation analysis of renin angiotensin system (RAS) components after LOS treatment and analyzed the possible reasons for the individual differences in ACE2 expression in patients before and after LOS treatment
Summary
Abbreviations ACE2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Ang II Angiotensin II AGT Angiotensinogen MAS1 Mas proto-oncogene gene AT1R Angiotensin receptor 1 AT2R Angiotensin receptor 2 LOS Losartan COVID19 Coronavirus disease 2019. The response of ACE2 to LOS differed among studies. We identified the correlation analysis of RAS components after LOS treatment and analyzed the possible reasons for the individual differences in ACE2 expression in patients before and after LOS treatment. To analyze the correlation of ACE2 upregulation, public data were accessed using the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus dataset (GEO database set) with the query dataset for GSE37824. The gene expression of samples was first assessed for the groups, normalized with GAPDH, and further analyzed for log[2] (fold-change) in individual ACE2 expression to identify individual patient’s differences at baseline and 6 weeks of LOS-treated patients in the LOS arm
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