Abstract
Objective: Azoospermia is common in the infertile men population. It is almost always due to defective spermatogenesis or genital tract obstruction. Men with obstructive azoospermia are suitable for PESA (percutaneous sperm aspiration), MESA (microepididymal sperm aspiration) or TESA (testicular sperm aspiration) because they usually have normal spermatogenesis. It is easier to process epididymal spermatozoa compared with testicular ones. On the other hand, sperm production is sparsely distributed in azoospermic men with defective spermatogenesis, making TESE (testicular sperm extraction) the best method of sperm retrieval. Accurate distinction between defective spermatogenesis and genital tract obstructive in men with azoospermia has been based on the use of genital tract exploration, testicular biopsy and histology but these procedures are invasive. The objective of this study was to assess the value of a clinical protocol in selecting azoospermic patients with defective spermatogenesis for testicular sperm extraction.
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