Correlation of 24-Hour Average Heart Rate With Early Renal Damage in Patients With Initial Diagnosis of Hypertension

Abstract

Abstract Background To investigate the correlation of 24-hour average heart rate (HR) with early renal damage in patients with initial diagnosis of hypertension. Methods A total of 456 outpatients with initial diagnosis of hypertension were recruited between November 2015 and May 2017. Ambulatory electrocardiogram and blood pressure (BP) were monitored in all patients. According to the 24-hour average HR, patients were divided into fast HR group (24-hour average HR >75 beats/minute, n = 203) and nonfast HR group (24-hour average HR ≤75 beats/minute, n = 253). HR, renal function, and urinary microalbumin were analyzed. Results Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, eGFR, body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 24-hour average HR, night and day average HR, diastolic BP, and daytime systolic BP were higher, while nocturnal BP drop rate was lower in patients with fast HR group than those in nonfast HR group (all P < 0.05). Twenty-four-hour HR and albumin-to-creatinine ratio increased significantly with increases of office BP (P < 0.05). albumin-to-creatinine ratio and eGFR in high-risk group and extremely high-risk group were significantly higher, while eGFR was lower than those in low- and middle-risk group (all P < 0.05). The 24-hour average HR and resting HR were positively correlated with the level of microalbuminuria (r = 0.169, 0.265, respectively, both P < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the level of BP (B = 17.798), nocturnal BP drop rate (B = −1.766), and 24-hour average HR (B = 0.564) were correlated with microalbuminuria (all P < 0.01). Conclusions The 24-hour average HR is associated with the early renal damage in patients with initial diagnosis of hypertension.