Correlation between the variation of head type and malocclusion: A Scooping Review

Abstract

Aim: Examination of head type in orthodontics is pivotal. Examining the head type aims to monitor growth patterns and predict the outcome of an orthodontic treatment. Malocclusion is a disease with a complex etiology. Anomaly in the development pattern of the oral and maxillofacial region can be suspected as the etiology of malocclusion. A specific type of head will result from specific growth patterns. As a result, dental and skeletal malocclusion occurrences are linked to particular head forms. Materials and Methods: These articles’ literature sources were from various databases that described cephalic index correlation and cephalic index malocclusion. Results: A correlation is found between mesocephalic head type with skeletal and dental malocclusion class II, mesocephalic head type with skeletal and dental malocclusion class I, mesocephalic head type with skeletal malocclusion class I and dental class II, mesocephalic head type with skeletal malocclusion class I, and dental class III. Meanwhile, dolichocephalic head type correlates with dental and skeletal malocclusion class II, dolichocephalic head type with skeletal 111 class II, and dental class I, dolichocephalic head type with skeletal malocclusion class I, and dental class II. In addition, brachycephalic head type correlates to skeletal and dental malocclusion class II and the relationship between brachycephalic head type with skeletal malocclusion class III and dental class II. Class I malocclusion is associated with the mesocephalic head type because the mesocephalic head type favors balanced development of the craniomaxillofacial complex. Class II malocclusion is associated with dolichocephalic head type, selecting the face’s predominantly long morphology. Class III malocclusion is associated with brachycephalic head type, favoring the maxilla’s retrusion. Conclusion: Malocclusion classification correlates with variations in head types. Genetic and environmental variables, or possibly both, impact this disease.