Abstract
Cigarette smoking can cause taste receptors to increase the taste threshold value. Consequently, the consumption of sugar and salt will not be controlled, therefore causing systemic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Nicotine and tobacco in cigarettes can stimulate MMP-9 which plays vital physiological roles in normal tissue growth and repair processes. This study aimed to find the correlation between taste threshold sensitivity and MMP-9, salivary secretion, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels in smoking and nonsmoking women. This was a cross-sectional study consisting of young adult women aged 18–24 years. Subjects were divided into two groups: the nonsmoking and smoking groups. In the combined data of both groups, the sweet taste threshold was correlated with age (r = 0.308, p=0.008), blood glucose levels (r = 0.238, p=0.043), and MMP-9 (r = –0.297, p=0.011). The salt taste threshold was only correlated with systolic blood pressure in the smoking (r = 0.440, p=0.032) and combined data groups (r = 0.260, p=0.026). By using partial correlation, it was shown that the relationship between the salt taste threshold and systolic blood pressure was influenced by smoking habits. The sweet taste threshold in women was found to correlate with age, blood glucose levels, and MMP-9 levels. On the other hand, there was a significant relationship between the salt taste threshold in women with systolic blood pressure, which was the only correlation analyzed in sthis study that was found to be influenced by smoking. However, both sweet and salt taste thresholds were not statistically correlated with salivary secretion.
Highlights
Cigarette smoking can damage the taste threshold through a variety of ways
[10] In this study, we found that only the sweet taste threshold was correlated with age. e Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) in Wisconsin found the similar result. e study measured the four basic tastes
0.479 0.885 0.512 0.009 0.150 0.753 and found a statistically significant association between age and sweet taste perception, but not in the three other tastes. e study stated that their subjects were predominantly composed of middle-aged individuals; their results could not describe what happened in later life. e same reason may be drawn from this study, where the subjects were only young adults (18–24 years); the result of this study could not represent the overall effect of age on taste sensitivity [8]
Summary
Cigarette smoking can damage the taste threshold through a variety of ways. Notably, hot smoke from burning cigarettes can cause irritation to the oral mucosa continuously, leading to atrophy of the tongue papilla and thickening of the oral mucosa. E data were obtained by measuring the threshold value of sweet and salt taste, salivary secretion (volume and salivary pH), blood pressure values, blood glucose levels, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels. Based on the data analysis from the study, an increase in age and blood glucose levels was associated with a decrease in the sensitivity of taste buds to sweet taste.
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