Correlation between sialic acid levels in the synovial fluid and the radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis.

Zhigang Cui,Sihai Liu,Jianjun Li,Anqing Wang,Kemin Liu,Fei Wang

doi:10.3892/etm.2014.1679

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with the presence of inflammation. Sialic acid (SA), an acetylated derivative of neuraminic acid, is reported to be a useful biomarker of inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between SA levels in the serum and synovial fluid (SF) and radiographic severity in patients with knee OA. A total of 234 patients with knee OA were recruited for the study, as well as 20 patients that had suffered a knee injury or fracture (without knee OA) and 160 healthy controls. Radiological grading of OA in the knee was conducted according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system. SA levels in the serum and SF were measured using Warren’s thiobarbituric acid assay. The results demonstrated that knee OA patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of serum SA when compared with the healthy controls, and also significantly elevated levels of SF SA when compared with the knee fracture patients. Higher SA levels in the SF were identified in knee OA patients with KL grade 4 as compared with patients with KL grade 2 or 3. In addition, OA patients of KL grade 3 had significantly higher SA levels in the SF as compared with patients with KL grade 2 (P<0.01). The SA levels in the SF of the knee OA patients positively correlated with the KL grades (r=0.353; P<0.01). However, there was no significant correlation identified between serum SA levels and KL grade. Therefore, SA levels in the SF positively correlated with the radiographic severity of OA, thus, SA levels in the SF may serve as a biomarker for the progression of OA.

Highlights

Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative joint disease, causes pain, stiffness, reduced motion, swelling, crepitus and disability
The results of the present study indicate that patients with knee OA have significantly elevated levels of serum Sialic acid (SA) compared with healthy controls
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that SA levels in the synovial fluid (SF) of knee OA patients correlate with the severity of OA

Summary

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative joint disease, causes pain, stiffness, reduced motion, swelling, crepitus and disability. The disease is characterized by the progressive. Increased SA concentrations have been reported during inflammatory processes, possibly resulting from the elevated levels of richly sialylated acute‐phase glycoproteins [9]. Elevated levels of SA have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of renal disease, diabetes, ovarian cancer and a variety of central nervous system disorders [10,11,12]. A previous study demonstrated that patients with OA exhibited significantly elevated levels of serum SA when compared with healthy controls [13]. It was hypothesized that SA may be involved in the mechanism underlying OA, and SA levels in the serum and SF may correlate with the severity of knee OA

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Conclusion