Correlation between serum S100β protein levels and cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: a case-control study.

Fei Wang,Tao Sun,Dong Yuan,Zhi-Rong Zou,Yi Gong,Xun Chen,Hua-Lin Yu,Li Zhang

doi:10.1042/bsr20160446

Abstract

The present study was designed to explore the correlation between serum S100β levels and cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). A total of 172 SVD patients participated in the study, and they were assigned to patients with no cognitive impairment (NCI group) and those with vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND group). In total, 105 people were recruited into the normal control group. Serum S100β protein level was detected by ELISA. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed for the predictive value of serum S100β in diagnosing SVD with cognitive dysfunction. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the association of S100β level with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and the association of S100β levels with hypertension. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors of SVD. The serum S100β levels in the VCIND group were higher than those in the NCI and normal control groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a high serum S100β protein level, hypertension, and high low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level were the independent risk factors for SVD. In addition, hypertension patients showed higher S100β levels than those with normal blood pressure and the normal control group, and there was a positive correlation between S100β level and blood pressure. The concentration of serum S100β level was related to impairment of cognition function of VCIND patients, therefore, early detection of serum S100β was of great value for diagnosis of SVD.

Highlights

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) describes a series of pathological processes caused by multiple etiologies that produce great effects on the small arteries, venules, arterioles, and capillaries of the brain, which is considered a primary cause of cognitive decline and function loss in elderly patients and plays a key role in cerebrovascular diseases [1]
After comparison of the no cognitive impairment (NCI) and vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) groups and the normal control group in terms of their age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, blood glucose, family medical history, and blood biochemical indexes, it was found that the NCI and VCIND groups exhibited more smoking, higher blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) than the normal control group, while the NCI and VCIND groups and the normal control group had no significant difference in other indicators (Table 1)
The data revealed that the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores were decreased in the VCIND group compared with the NCI and normal control groups c 2017 The Author(s)

Summary

Introduction

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) describes a series of pathological processes caused by multiple etiologies that produce great effects on the small arteries, venules, arterioles, and capillaries of the brain, which is considered a primary cause of cognitive decline and function loss in elderly patients and plays a key role in cerebrovascular diseases [1]. Brain parenchymal arterioles play a crucial part in vascular resistance [2] and are important for the maintenance of normal blood flow to structures in the subsurface brain [3]. To transmit the energy efficiently and protect the brain from ischemic damage and hypoperfusion, the cerebral vasculature is equipped with developed mechanisms that maintain constant cerebral blood flow when the arterial pressure fluctuates and satisfies nutrient demands when local brain activity increases [5]. SVD can chronically and significantly prevent cerebral vasculature from meeting these requirements owing to various functional and structural changes that eventually lead to cognitive decline in elderly patients [6,7,8]. As cognitive impairment has been shown to be associated with S100 protein in several diseases including mild traumatic brain injury [9], chronic cerebral hypoperfusion [10], and Parkinson’s [11], we reasonably hypothesize that the S100β protein is associated with cognition impairment in SVD patients

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion