Correlation between serum levels of endothelin-1 and disease severity in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Abstract

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are aquaporin-4 antibody-mediated diseases of the central nervous system. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an inflammatory cytokine released by vascular endothelial cells and activated astrocytes. Previous studies have reported the aberrant expressions of cytokines/chemokines in patients diagnosed with NMOSD. However, the serum levels of ET-1 in NMOSD patients remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to measure the serum levels of ET-1 and other immune-related cytokines/chemokines in patients with NMOSD, and to investigate the correlation between serum ET-1 levels and clinical characteristics of NMOSD. Thirty-eight patients with NMOSD and twenty-eight healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. The serum concentrations of ET-1 and other cytokines/chemokines were measured, and their correlations to the clinical features of patients with NMOSD were analyzed. The serum levels of ET-1 in patients with NMOSD were significantly higher than those in HCs (P =  0.0001). The serum concentrations of ET-1 were positively correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale score (r = 0.428, P = 0.0183). High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone treatment significantly reduced the levels of ET-1 and interleukin (IL)-6 in blood, but significantly increased the serum concentrations of IL-10 in NMOSD patients. No correlations were found between serum ET-1 levels and the concentrations of other cytokines/chemokines in these patients. ET-1 and IL-6 might exert pro-inflammatory effects in the pathogenesis of NMOSD, whereas IL-10 played an anti-inflammatory role in this process. ET-1 might be a potential biomarker for predicting the severity of NMOSD. However, the serum levels of ET-1 were not correlated with the changes of other cytokines/chemokines in patients with NMOSD. The involvement of ET-1 in the development of NMOSD needs to be further studied.