CORRELATION BETWEEN PEANUT SKIN PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON DYSLIPIDEMIA IN SWISS MICE

Abstract

Objective: To characterize the secondary metabolites of aqueous peanut extract (EAAsp) plus 1% of skin (EAAcp) and its effects combined with a hyperlipidic diet in male Swiss mice, analyzing serum concentrations of biochemical analysis. Design and method: The pulp extract was prepared at a 1:8 ratio to obtain a final concentration of 1.25 mg/mL and added 1% peanut skin to the total volume. Polyphenols and flavonoids quantifications were used following official methodologies. The experiment was performed divided into groups (n = 10): GI - received hypercholesterolemic diet plus 0.5 mL of EAAsp daily; GII - received hypercholesterolemic diet plus 0.5 ml EAAcp. Diet time was 12 weeks. Animal weights were evaluated weekly and at the end of the experiment biochemical analyzes were performed. The difference into mean was analyzed by Tukey test, when values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Regarding phenolic compounds, lower values for EAAsp (3.3 mg EAG/g) were found when compared to the EAAcp formulation (5.7 mg EAG/g), demonstrating a high polyphenols potential for the skin enriched extract. For flavonoids, values of 1.78 + 0.001 for EAAsp and 4.30 + 0.001 for EAAcp were obtained with an average difference of 2.52 mg/100 g. The incorporation of peanut skin in the EAA resulted in the increasing of phenolic compounds concentration that contribute to antioxidant activity. In vivo, the extracts decreased LDL-cholesterol levels (GI-56 ± 2.2 x GII-9.8 ± 1.0), however EAAcp was more efficacy (p < 0.05) as well as the total cholesterol levels (GI-126 ± 12.7 x GII-90 ± 10.5). Both extracts decreased CRP (C-reactive protein) values in a similar manner (GI-0.96 ± 0.2 x GII-0.93 ± 0.23). Reduction in LDL-cholesterol levels could be attributed to the chemical composition of peanut skin that may promote reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: The peanut skin enriched the extract as antioxidant potential that probable greater efficacy in the reducing blood lipid levels, but it preserved the decreasing CRP levels.