Abstract
Down’s syndrome (DS), one of the most frequent chromosomal anomalies, is associated with dysmorphic features, congenital malformations and intellectual disability. There are various clinical manifestations: congenital cardiac diseases are found in 40% of cases, gastrointestinal anomalies in 7% of cases, and intellectual disability can be present in a medium or serious form. Both congenital cardiac diseases and ocular problems are particularly frequent, regarding both structure and function, such as refractive defects, accommodation, strabismus and cataract are particularly frequent.
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