Abstract
Due to worldwide regulations on electric motor manufacturing, the energy efficiency of these devices has to be constantly improved. A solution may reside in the fact that high quality materials and adequate cutting technologies should be carefully chosen. The magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steels are affected by the cutting methods, through induced plastic, and thermal stresses. There is also an important correlation between chemical composition and different magnetic properties. In this paper, we analyze different industrial grades of non-oriented electrical steels, used in electrical machines’ core manufacturing as M800-65A, M800-50A, M400-65A, M400-50A, M300-35A, and NO20. The influence of the cutting methods on the normal magnetization curve, total energy loss and its components, and relative magnetic permeability is investigated in alternating currents using a laboratory single sheet tester. The chemical composition and grain size influence are analyzed and correlated with the magnetic properties. Special attention is devoted to the influence of the increased cutting perimeter on the energy losses and to the way it relates to each chemical alloy constituent. The final decision in what concerns the choice of the proper magnetic material and the specific cutting technology for the motor magnetic cores is imposed by the desired efficiency class and the specific industrial applications.
Highlights
Nowadays, the European Union (EU) firmly sustains energy efficiency policies through different programs such as Eco-Design and Energy Efficiency Directive, usually in conjunction with climate policies, such as the EU Emission Trading scheme
The increase of Si content is directly linked to higher electrical resistivity from the low-grade M800-65A to the high-quality NO20 grade alloy, since a higher Si content has a beneficial influence on eddy current loss reduction and magnetostriction phenomenon limitation
The addition of Al determines an increase in electrical resistivity and grain size [30,31,32]
Summary
The European Union (EU) firmly sustains energy efficiency policies through different programs such as Eco-Design and Energy Efficiency Directive, usually in conjunction with climate policies, such as the EU Emission Trading scheme. The energy produced, due to renewable sources has to be increased by 20% and motors’ energy efficiency must increase by 20%, in order to supply the total energy consumption [4,5]. During the design of the manufacturing process of an electric motor, the producers should make a careful material selection, which is supposed to be one of the most important characteristics of the motor life cycle. There are preferred high and medium quality non-oriented electrical steels, with low impact on the environment [6,7,8]. Their chemical composition is very important, in order to assure superior magnetic and mechanical properties.
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