Correlation Between Macroscopic Fluorescence and Protoporphyrin IX Content in Psoriasis and Actinic Keratosis Following Application of Aminolevulinic Acid

Abstract

In fluorescence diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced porphyrins (FDAP), protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation can be macroscopically visualized. Interpretation of these data is still problematic because of the low reproducibility of the procedure and poor understanding of the mechanisms involved in PpIX tumor selectivity. In this study, PpIX accumulation is investigated in patients with psoriasis and actinic keratosis (AK) following FDAP. For this purpose, desquamated lesional and non-lesional skin were incubated with 20% ALA ointment for 3 h, FDAP was performed, and highly fluorescing lesional skin and non-lesional skin were biopsied. In extracts from these biopsies, PpIX, protein, and dsDNA were quantified by spectrofluorometry. Digital images acquired with FDAP were analyzed using image analysis software. PpIX per biopsy in lesional skin in both psoriasis and AK was significantly higher than in non-lesional skin (p < 0.05). When corrected for epidermal involvement, only lesional psoriatic skin showed significantly higher PpIX levels than non-lesional skin. The PpIX-ratio lesional:non-lesional skin (mean(pmol per mL)+/-SEM) was 4.12+/-0.91 in psoriasis and 1.96+/-0.24 in AK. In FDAP, the ratio of lesional:non-lesional skin was 1.77+/-0.06 in psoriasis and 1.37+/-0.07 in AK. Macroscopic fluorescence and PpIX content appeared to be well correlated (r = 0.73), thus making FDAP a good predictor of PpIX content.