Correlation between Leg Length Discrepancies (LLD) with ITB Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Backgrounds: Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is one of the many different causes of lateral knee pain. The iliotibial band (ITB) is the distal fascial continuation of the tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius, and gluteal maximus. It traverses superficial to the vastus lateralis and inserts on the Gerdy tubercle of the lateral tibial plateau and partially to the supracondylar ridge of the lateral femur. The etiology of ITBS is controversial and likely multifactorial. One theory advocates that repetitive friction of the ITB and the lateral epicondyle during flexion and extension lead to inflammation of the contact area of the ITB. The discrepancy in leg length has long been a source of controversy in the research and clinical environment. It disagrees on many aspects, such as its effect on various neuro musculoskeletal disorders and the evaluation of different measurement methods. Several orthopaedic disorders have also been associated with LLD, including low back pain, iliotibial band syndrome, hip osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc disease, and stress fractures of the femur, tibia, fibula, and metatarsal bones. Methods: Our trial was an international, expertise-based, randomized, controlled trial. Details of the trial objectives and design have been published previously. To identify studies about correlation between leg length discrepancy with ITB Syndrome, we reviewed the Cochrane, Pubmed, Embase databases for relevant articles published up to June 2022. Following the PICOS (Participants, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes and Study design) principle, the key search terms included (P) patients with ITB syndrome; (I) Leg length discrepancy; (C/O) the comparisons between ITB syndrome with leg length discrepancy thant without leg length discrepancy; (S) RCT, cohort study, or case-control study. Results: This study results Literature search through The flow diagram of study selection that shown in Figure 1. A total of RCT, cohort and case control study, meta analysis and systematic review about correlation between leg length dicrepancy with ITB Syndrome.Discussions: There can be a predisposition to developing IT band syndrome. Anatomy issues may include leg length discrepancy, an abnormal tilt to the pelvis, or bowed legs (genu varum). These situations can cause the IT band to become excessively tight, leading to increased friction and irritation as the band crosses over the femoral condyle with movement. leg length discrepancy, which can also increase ITB tightness. Leg length discrepancy can make an impact to biomechanical abnormalities. ITBS is usually caused by biomechanical abnormalities, often combined with overtraining. Conclusions: This confirms that may be leg length discrepancy also a factor that contributes to iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS).